The Literary Essay

The Literary Essay As evidenced by thousands of positive reviews and an overall 98% satisfaction rate, they cope brilliantly with this task. And they will be glad to see your feedback one day, too. We require your paper instructions only to complete the piece. Additionally, we require your email to link it to a secure private account on our site. We don’t need your real name, your college, or your city of residence. Every day, our experts write dozens of papers for customers from all over the world. Log in to your account to chat with the assigned writer and control writing process in real time. Our company was started by an award-winning journalist who saw the need from students to have someone take care of their annoying assignments for them. Let’s face it, school is a nuisance, so when you are calling out to the sky write my essay for me! Follow the instructions that will be shown on your screen, and a writer will revise the document according to your remarks. All orders, payments, and your personal data are totally safe with us. Make an order anytime, knowing that competent, trustworthy writers will be doing your essay. Except for critical essay topics, basic instructions, and contact email, customers don’t have to provide their private information. Plus, you can think of any preferred name and communicate with us as incognito. They have been dealing with tasks from teachers all over the US, and they know what is expected in any particular paper. ” Goes without saying â€" the service is entirely anonymous. Neither tutors nor educational authorities in your country get any information about our customers. Using HTTPS and TLS technologies, we ensure all personal data and payment info are encrypted and transferred through secure channels. You can see your essay writer via a secure account. Besides, you can ask questions on paper progress, share comments, and describe your preferences. Text us “help me write my paper” and enjoy superior text quality just like thousands of students before you. When the text is completed, edited, and proofread, it appears on your profile board. Evaluate the quality and, if required, request revisions and amendments from your essay writer. When the order is placed, a manager finds a seasoned expert to work on it. Our trusted writers know what your teacher expects. In case you struggle to understand your teacher’s instructions, ask our specialists to help you. Simply put, your experience with the site is safe and secure all the way through. Save free time in the evening and score top grades with the help of perhaps the most competent academic penmen in the United States. Authors have a perfect command of the English language and needed expertise in any course. Our additional services are designed to boost your paper's quality. You can choose one or several additional services on the order form. Pro essay writers work non-stop to let you achieve better results effortlessly.

Inflation And Deflation - 1067 Words

I’ll admit that before this semester I couldn’t tell you the difference between inflation and deflation or what economics was. My passion and interest was concentrated onto the medical field. Economics has become something of a challenge for me and I’m enjoying the process of learning what it is. I know that in 2007, we entered the Great Recession which we are still recovering from. The U.S. economy is something of uncertainty due to the change in supply and demand. I believe that the current U.S. economy kept its head above water due to the Government watching how much consumers were paying for products and the actual listed prices by producers. The U.S. economy might not be in a recession currently but we are still in a fragile state due to our liabilities exceeding our assets. It’s crazy to think that the current debt is $19,470,383,603,813.73 and growing. (http://www.usgovernmentdebt.us/) When the U.S. economy entered the Great Recession in 2007, I was entering the workforce for the first time and I had to battle for my spot in the workforce. As a middle class working citizen I felt the changes in the economy on the daily basis. Being a freshman in college, I had many new expenses that included a car payment, school loans, and a mortgage. This was a troubling time because my interest rate and hidden fees were outrages due to the instability of mortgage companies and the fragile state of the economy. During this period of time there were many families that were unable toShow MoreRelatedDeflation And Inflation1647 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analyzation of Deflation and Inflation Whether the world sees falling prices or rising prices is a day to day change. These rising and falling prices are known as inflation and deflation. Inflation is an increase in all of the prices of goods and services in the economy, while deflation is the decrease of all prices. These price changes are written about in hundreds of articles everyday all around the world. I recently read two articles published by The Economist while compiling informationRead MoreCauses of Inflation and Deflation2181 Words   |  9 PagesAID OF DIAGRAMS, ILLUSTRATE THE CAUSES OF INFLATION AND DEFLATION, AND BY COMPARING THEIR ECONOMIC EFFECTS CONSIDER HOW BOTH CAN AFFECT THE CORPORATE SECTOR. The essay will describe causes of inflation and deflation and explain how they can affect the corporate sector. 1. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF INFLATION AND DEFLATION Inflation is a process in which the price level is rising and money is losing value. (Parkin, Powell, Matthews p654) Inflation tends to rise when at the current priceRead MoreThe Monetary Policy Roller Coaster1193 Words   |  5 Pagesstabilize prices. We can look at this and picture the government’s desire to a keep a low and stable rate of inflation. The reason for this is because there are a numerous of negative impacts associated with the high levels of inflation, such as, the loss of purchasing power just to name the big one. But what happens when there is a deflation? Monetary Policy and the concepts of Inflation and deflation play a huge role in our economy along with the enduring changes that take place with the Aggregate SupplyRead MoreInflation Is The Rise Of Priced Goods And The Fall Of Value Of Money989 Words   |  4 PagesECON-50-16209 SU 2016 [ Erica Vergara, ID#0678025 ] Essay 1: Question 1: Inflation is the rise of priced goods and the fall in value of money. Deflation is when prices of good and services fall. We are concerned about both because they can harm the economy. In the video, â€Å"Inflation or Deflation?† by Merle Hazard, he asks if the banks will the central bank get traction soon or will it lose its grip? In regards to being in a recession, Hazard is questioning if the banks will be able to control whatRead MoreMacroeconomic Factors That Affect An Economy967 Words   |  4 PagesProduct(GDP), Monetary policy, Fiscal Policy, Interest rate, Inflation, Deflation, Unemployment, economic growth etc. Many people accept inflation as a fact of life but sometimes under some economic circumstances opposite situation take place, which we call† Deflation†. It is also known as Negative Inflation Rate (when inflation rate decreased below 0%). Moreover, deflation is an indication of declining economic condition. Answer-1 Definition: â€Å"Deflation is the reduction of prices of goods means general priceRead MoreA Lecture At The George Washington University1142 Words   |  5 Pageshighlighted the damage deflation caused during the Great Depression. The gold standard and errors by monetary policymakers in the period exacerbated a difficult situation and allowed deflationary forces to spread financial distress and panic in the banking sector. The Chairman argued that had the Federal Reserve expanded the money supply during the Great Depression, deflation could have abated and the severity of the financial crisis would have been avoided. In recent years, deflation has returned toRead MoreInflation and Its Effect on Retailers1723 Words   |  7 Pagess Inflation and its effect on Supply Chain Industry (Retail) By Kamal Deep Introduction This white paper details out how inflation is affecting the Retail economy and its health. This paper also suggests what care needs to be taken by the Retailers for tackling inflation. Purpose of this Project For applying the Macro Economics class room learning’s practically Scope ofRead MoreA Better Monetary Policy Central1612 Words   |  7 PagesA Better Monetary Policy Central Banks Should Adopt in the Environment of Low Inflation CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 2 Problems 2 2.1 Low Inflation Retards Economic Recovery 2 2.1 It Remains Questionable Which Monetary Policy is Better 3 3 Comparison Between Interest Rate Policy and Money Supply Policy 3 3.1 The Advantages and Drawbacks of Lowering Interest Rate 3 3.2 The Advantages and Drawbacks of Increasing Money Supply 4 4 Conclusion 5 5 List of References 6 Keywords: Monetary Policy; InterestRead MoreInflation Is A Low Rate Of Inflation1726 Words   |  7 Pageshas a high rate of inflation, that means people who live in this country are sad. Inflation has many definitions, but most of these definitions are related to one concept which is inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. There is no doubt about that inflation is an important key concept in economics. As we know that there is something called deflation which is the opposite meaning of inflation. In this paper, I will write about inflation in general, the causesRead MoreScholarly Journals On The Other Hand916 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 1970’s. However, the UK went back into a deficit. Britain’s annual CPI inflation rate also increased from 2.2 (1967) to 9.5 (1971). Experts believe that without devaluation, UK’s interest rates could’ve gotten even higher and they would’ve faced deflationary pressure. In 2002, the Argentina government devalued the peso after a deep recession. This disaster began in the 1980s when Argentina faced high inflation rates and dreadful debt. Insurmountable debt grew due to poor tax collection,

Herman Melvilles Moby Dick The Understanding of The White Whale - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1785 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Moby Dick Essay Did you like this example? The perception of the white whale, Moby Dick, in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick conveys a message that becomes specific to the reader. The profundity of the white whale, when taken into closer consideration, can embody several meanings that bring depth and further understanding of what the author is attempting to portray. In many cases, Melville introduces Moby Dick in such a manner that it becomes open for interpretation by the reader. There is such an instance where the whale can represent the text itself due to its complexity and structure of which it is composed throughout the narrative. The reader can sense the feeling of frustration regarding the intricate textual structure containing several hidden meanings in relevance to the whalers’ struggles for encountering the white whale and obtaining its ever so precious oil. In addition, the image of oneself can be interpreted as belonging to the white whale. This is discovered while the whalers ultimately see themselves in Moby Dick and witness the darkness of their soul within. Essentially, the significance of the white whale can denote an assorted amount of connotations and is perceived as a multivalent representation capable of exemplifying diverse symbolic implications. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Herman Melvilles Moby Dick: The Understanding of The White Whale" essay for you Create order The Text Itself What may seem to be the simplest literary structure, the story of a journey, as seen in Melville’s narrative, Moby Dick, is turned into an elaborate approach to incorporate various significant suggestions that are tied to the white whale. Melville attempts to communicate the feelings such of a man at sea hunting for the white whale and the valuable oil it possesses. The author goes at this by creating and diving into sometimes lengthy sentences that can be found rather unclear as to how they are constructed and for extracting a sense of what he is trying to bring into the novel. Certainly, when the sense of his descriptions come forward, they become open for interpretation. Found at the beginning, Melville starts the narrative with a simple, â€Å"Call me Ishmael.† (Melville 3) this opening is short and to the point. He directly follows that with, â€Å"Some years ago—never mind how long precisely—having little or no money in my purse, and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail a little and see the watery part of the world.† (Melville 3). Instantly, the distinction between the two styles utilized by the author can be recognized based on the general size of the sentence. In addition to length, the use of detail is very much increased to pronounce the main idea. He goes into such detail by creating a list of features that consecutively become more minuscule in terms of how one would regularly perceive them, but significant in the form of their contribution to the style of literature. The use of this style is intended to make the audience stumble and repeat sentences just as a whaler at sea would stri ve to find Moby Dick and prove himself worthy. The white whale, when mentioned in the novel, is referred, mostly, as an object that exists, but must be found and claimed for it lies within the immense sea that drives the difficulty to ultimately locate it. When â€Å"There she blows!—there she blows! A hump like a snow-hill! It is Moby Dick!† (Melville 595) is shouted from the whaling ship, the eagerness and excitement are demonstrated solely in the action of yelling it at the top of the lungs for every crew member on board to be aware that, after all the hunting and tracking of the white whale, it has finally been found. It gives an aspect of immediate thrill due to the distress and risk that was experienced to reach a certain point in time of spotting the white whale. The same can be said for the text in Melville’s Moby Dick itself. It is the moment when fictional Moby Dick becomes one with the physical text that creates such frustration for the reader. The white whale is embodying the text and the moment it becomes difficult to understand, or read, is that of the whaler’s struggle to pinpoint Moby Dick’s location in the unexplored seas of the world. When Melville seeks to produce frustration to slip or cause confusion in the reader’s mind by stringing a sequence of details in the form of a list, he is defining the white whale. It represents frustration and anguish that comes along the journey of whaling. Herman Melville provides the best experience of whaling within the text as the audience attempts to find and claim Moby Dick in the hunt for the valuable meanings of his interpretations that are embodied by the white whale, Moby Dick. Mirror For The Self The whale serves as a mirror for human nature and directly depicts the relation between man and whale. Throughout the entire narrative, the whale is perceived as evil and a beast that must be killed due to its darkness. Also, the whalers which we all know go out to sea with a passion for its oil and are too seen with a darker side, because they crave the challenge of finding the whale and take joy in its butchering. These whalers, however, don’t make themselves aware of such action as being a dark or homicidal one. The act of killing the whale for its oil is seen regular for its setting in time. There is a point, nevertheless, that proves how the white whale, that is perceived as a killer and beast, is turned into what is a caring and loving animal, but most importantly it is seen through the eyes of the whaler, who typically sees it as evil, therefore encounters himself in the white whale and the white whale embodies the human nature. When the whales approach, â€Å"Like household dogs they came snuffling round us, right up to our gunwales, and touching them; till it almost seemed that some spell had suddenly domesticated them. Queequeg patted their foreheads† (Melville 423), they whalers do not attack or attempt to kill them for their oil, even though they are baby whales and most likely easier to kill than a fully grown one. They do not attack because they feel empathy towards the whale. Much like Queequeg pats the whale on the head, one would pat a baby on back, because that is what these are, baby whales, seen as small relatable humans to the whalers who are not concerned with killing them at all. When the whalers looked to the sea after having encountered the harmless baby whales they saw that â€Å"suspended in those watery vaults, floated the forms of the nursing mothers of the whales, and those that by their enormous girth seemed shortly to become mothers. The lake, as I have hinted, was to a considerable depth exceedingly transparent; and as human infants while suckling will calmly and fixedly gaze away from the breast, as if leading two different lives at the time; and while yet drawing mortal nourishment be still spiritually feasting upon some unearthly reminiscence;—even so did the young of these whales seem looking up towards us; but not at us, as if we were but a bit of Gulf-weed in their new-born sight.† (Melville 423). Melville notes that a baby whale will gaze and stare, even with its newborn eyesight, just as a human baby will look up in search for another pair of eyes to stare into. The pregnant whales are compared to women expecting soon to be mot hers and gives a great deal of sense to just how similar the great beast, known as the whale, is to oneself because it is an equal representation of human nature. The instant the whale is interpreted as the human, the whale embodies the human and therefore the symbol of purity and evil intertwine to create a new purpose. The protagonist and antagonist have now almost completely changed positions where the evil of the whale and the horrible speculation that comes along with it can be seen with oneself. The whaler can reflect into himself and see the dark and gruesome work that he has done for the treasure that they claim to be the oil of the well-known sperm whale by traveling across the sea, but in that moment of him gazing into the eyes of the baby whale, he sees the light of the innocent within where he finds that there lies no corruption and decides not to inflict pain because it is pure and unmarked by the evil actions of the whaler. In a certain manner, the whaler finds himself within that baby whale because he considers himself pure and virtuous in comparison to the wicked Moby Dick. The concept of human nature includes that humans are known to be well civilized and act rationally unlike wild animals. The whale, typically known as the immoral figure in the narrative, is changed here because it is replaced with the characteristics of the whaler which is seen as the complete opposite and the same is said for the whaler. If the whaler sees himself in the whale, that signifies that he truly has a dark soul while the whale embodies a counterfeit sort of purity that is interpreted by the whaler himself in the result of his ignorance and supposed absence of wickedness. The whaler is attempting to escape his darkness and the author, Herman Melville, is giving him a fake sense of purity by allowing the innocent whale to become the symbol of the whaler The whale in Melville’s Moby Dick is a powerful representation of a symbol that can efficiently possess numerous possible interpretations as long as the reader is willing and able to produce them throughout the text. The white whale can be interpreted as, the text, Moby Dick itself and it can embody the mirror of oneself. These are solely a couple of examples for the interpretations of the whale that have been demonstrated. Melville’s inclusion of compact details packed within large sentences and, in contrast, short sentences with very direct messages entail the embodiment of the text itself in the white whale known as Moby Dick. When mirroring oneself into the whale, Melville uses the affection of love, which is the most human-like remark that could be used in the sense of nursing mothers for a comparison between the loving human as we know it and the despicable Moby Dick. Ultimately, Moby Dick’s white whale, when made possible by the reader, can be interpreted in a constant amount of appearances that are clear enough for the audience to decide exactly which form is suitable for their understanding in the connotation of, Moby Dick, the white whale.

The Truth About Usc Common App Essay and Responses to Short Answer Topics for Tranfer Stude

The Truth About Usc Common App Essay and Responses to Short Answer Topics for Tranfer Stude You have whatever you need at your fingertips if you opt to take advantage. Every study abroad program differs and there are many variables that may impact transfer credit. Transfer credit from this sort of program also requires an evaluation from our foreign credit evaluation assistance, IERF, and can't be completed beforehand. Therefore, please be sure that you finish your application for financial aid in time. You shouldn't say anything negative about your existing school. The writing components of the application are your opportunity to paint a comprehensive picture of who you should highlight something which might not shine through elsewhere. To begin with, boot up your PC. Usc Common App Essay and Responses to Short Answer Topics for Tranfer Stude for Dummies Our premium plans provide different amount of profile access and data insights that could allow you to get into your d ream school. 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Dabbawalas Performance

Question: Discuss about theDabbawalas Performance. Answer: Introduction The success, efficiency, and performance of a given company depend on many factors. First, it depends on the effectiveness of the system and the way they attend to customers. Every company should have a measure that determines if their performance objectives are met. The company should be able to meet the operational performance goals. These operational performance targets include; costs, quality, flexibility, speed and dependability (Fielt 2011). Dabbawala Service has demonstrated ability to meet these performance goals of operation as explained below. Quality Performance Objective According to researchers, quality is more than just conforming to a given specification. It involves how well a product performs according to the intended function, how the features meet the expected desires and the reliability of that service or product (Fielt 2011). The product or service should meet the customers' needs and should be worth the amount paid (Jacobs and Chase 2013). The services offered by Dabbawala meet quality performance objective because they meet the customer needs. These services meet the intended function because they are delivered between 12 midday and 1 pm which is the time for taking lunch (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). Speed Performance Objective Fielt (2011) explains that the speed performance goal refers to pace at which services are delivered to the customers. It depends on how often and rapid the company provides its services. It may also refer to the time the services are received and whether they get to customers on time. Dabbawala meets this objective because of the speed they use in ensuring that the customers get their lunch on time (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). They have a schedule that ensures that lunch boxes are delivered on time. These schedules are well outlined, and this makes every person play their role as expected of them. Dependability Performance Objective It refers to the company's operations being dependable. It involves delivering the services on time and conforming to the agreed costs and prices. It also includes the ability of the services meeting their expected use and the consistency of the service over a considerable amount of time. The Dabbawala service has been in operation for a long time now (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). The service is said to be reliable because it has a remarkable record that is almost flawless especially when it comes to delivery. Fewer errors are encountered since the workers are accustomed to the local areas they collect from or deliver (Chenet, Dagger, and O'Sullivan 2010). Flexibility Performance Objective It involves being able to adjust to new requirements quickly. The Dabbawala Service is flexible since they can improve their delivery services to new customers (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). The fact that the workers know the area well means they can easily deliver the lunch boxes to the new customer without any confusion arising (Kumar, Batista, and Maull, 2011). The schedule also has a range of time meaning you can drop your lunch box between 7-9 am depending on the time of convenience. Cost Performance Objective The Dabbawala service has an excellent price performance in that it has allowed its customers to pay the fee monthly (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). It is way better than having to pay the fee daily. It is also cost effective since the customers receive direct delivery and they do not have to travel or take a train to go collect the food (Chenet, Dagger, and O'Sullivan 2010). Dabbawalas Service Dependability The Dabbawala service offers an incredible dependable service. Mumbai being one of the most densely populated city means that traffic jams do occur (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). Therefore, Dabbawala saw an opportunity and came up with the brilliant idea of delivering the lunch to the various workplaces. This service is dependable since it ensures that the process is repeated day in, day out (Chenet, Dagger, and O'Sullivan 2010). The service involves delivering the lunch boxes to every individual workers office at lunch time. The boxes are then collected after lunch and returned to homes to wait for the delivery process on the next day. The service conforms to a particular schedule, and this makes it reliable (Kumar, Batista, and Maull, 2011). The boxes are collected within the speculated time, are transported within a particular period and delivered to the customers at the expected time. According to the research done on it, the service has proven to have 99.9999% dependability (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). It is a very high value of reliability, and this is what has increased trust by the customers. The service has a well-established record of being almost flawless despite weather conditions in Mumbai that are characterized by the monsoons (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). The fact that the service delivers are accustomed to the local areas means that they can quickly identify places of delivery without many errors. They can provide the services to the right customer at the right time without losing time trying to figure out the offices (Chenet, Dagger, and O'Sullivan 2010). They also have a proper time management which has been the key to their success. The company has also incorporated new technology such as SMS and us of their website, and this has increased reliability and dependability from their customers. Main Threats to the Service Despite the services being offered by Dabbawala being dependable, reliable and almost flawless, it has a few loopholes that could result in its downfall (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010). The most crucial one is the fact that they do not have a system of documentation. Documentation is essential especially when it comes to recording keeping. It enables one to know the number of customers, and their records (Chase 2012). With these records, they can improve their services and know better ways of handling their clients. The fact that the company relies so much on the delivery men means that failure by one to perform their tasks could result in a problem. The company has a lot of customers, and this means that it has to employ many deliverers to ensure efficiency. It could be costly for the enterprise due to costs incurred to pay every deliverer (Chenet, Dagger, and O'Sullivan 2010). However, if for instance, they had an organized system and well-distributed offices, the delivery co uld be improved. Finally, the service is operated by low-tech and little use of modern technology (Slack, Chambers, and Johnston, 2010), which means that if a company using advanced technology could arise, it could give the Dabbawala service a great competition and most customers are likely to shift to the new corporation. The company is unlikely to expand because of the challenges due low-tech. The workers mark the boxes, and this could result in huge errors. The fact that these boxes change hands up to four times could also mean that it might be inefficient (Cho, et al. 2012; Slack 2015). Reference List Chase, J., (2012)Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Chenet, P., Dagger, T.S. and O'Sullivan, D., (2010) Service quality, trust, commitment, and service differentiation in business relationships.Journal of services Marketing,24(5), pp.336-346. Cho, D.W., Lee, Y.H., Ahn, S.H. and Hwang, M.K., (2012) A framework for measuring the performance of service supply chain management.Computers Industrial Engineering,62(3), pp.801-818. Fielt, E., (2011) Business service management: understanding business models. Jacobs, R. and Chase, R., (2013)Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kumar, V., Batista, L. and Maull, R., (2011) The impact of operations performance on customer loyalty.Service Science,3(2), pp.158-171. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Slack, N., Chambers, S. and Johnston, R., (2010) Operations Management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Strawberry Spring Essay Example

Strawberry Spring Essay I had no idea what I was afraid of, just because I didnt know what happened after that luscious fog came last night. It doesnt mean that something bad is in the boot of my car.  As I sat wondering I could hear my wife in the next room crying, I thought it would be better to leave her alone and sleep on the couch.  7:00 a.m., with my alarm blaring I decided to get up. My body was aching from sleeping awkwardly on the couch. I stretched and felt my muscles tighten. Suddenly I remembered what I was afraid of all yesterday, the boot of my car. I was ready for work at 8:00 a.m. I kissed my wife on the cheek like nothing had happened. I walked out of the door and unlocked my car but before I got in I decided to look in the boot. I got a feeling of nausea like I knew what was in that boot but I suppose I do know what is in there. Slowly I turned the lock, it made a click noise then I pulled it open. Straight away the smell of rotten flesh hit me, before my eyes was a green head I could see the bones in her neck. I vomited on the pavement, closed the boot and went to work as usual. We will write a custom essay sample on Strawberry Spring specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strawberry Spring specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strawberry Spring specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Weaving in and out of objects the fog swerved like a tiger around its prey. I wound down my window and smelt the sweet sea salt smell of the fog. I turned right towards New Sharon Teachers college. That was all I could remember.   That night Jessica Perkins was killed. She was a lonely girl with few friends, she was walking to the Grinder when it happened.  Her head was missing and on the back of her white blouse was the message in her won blood Jacks Back!.This time I woke up in my own bed I glanced over to see the clock on the bedside table it was 7:30 a.m., not to late. I dressed then went to make breakfast downstairs. I saw my wife looking at old photo albums  It was so perfect, my wife said almost like she was watching me through the back of her head,  What was? I replied,  We were, you had a brilliant job that you enjoyed and we were going to try to have a baby,   We still can, and were still perfect babe, I was getting a bit edgy now,  Where have you been the previous nights?  Nowhere I was just out with the lads, I lied  Where you with another women? she questioned  No, I wasnt. Ive got to go to work, I ran out of house before she could say anything else.  This time I didnt dare look in my boot but I knew another head was in there even before I was greeted by the smell of stale rotten flesh. The fog drifted into every nook and cranny of everything if anything got in its way it would swerve around then smoother it into the night. My headlights stabbed into the darkness yet still the fog pranced and jeered at me as if nothing could stop it. That fragrant sweet smell of the fog was to me like a succulent roast turkey was to a tramp on Christmas night.  Lucy Palmer was viciously murdered as she walked to her dormitory from her boyfriend read the main story of the newspaper. The headline was Jacks back!  Knock knock . knock knock. It woke me up from the couch, I looked at the time it read 12:30 p.m. in a mad rush I put on my work clothes, which were laying beside the couch, before I realised that it was a Sunday and I didnt need to go to work. My wife obviously wasnt in so  I had to answer the door myself. I opened the front door to see a policeman looking back at me,  Good afternoon sir, I am here investigating a series of murders, your neighbour told me that your car. Its my wifes, then a moment of evil but brilliance struck me I could accuse my wife of the murders then leave New England to get away from Strawberry Spring and hopefully the police.  Yes anyway, the car left yesterday at 10:20 p.m. and came back at 11:10, the murder was committed at around 10:50 just enough time for you to get back,  No I was in the living room watching Friends at ten thirty till eleven oclock waiting for my wife to come home, Im sure my neighbour saw my TV through the window, my wife was asleep at 10 oclock but I had left the TV on by accident. So your wife wasnt in? the policeman questioned  No just like she hasnt been the night before and the one before that, I tried to sound hurt it wasnt very good but he was buying it.  Also last night I found, I gulped I found a humans head in my wifes car boot, its just out here Ill show you,.  After I escaped from the policemans questioning I got a rent-a-car and drove to an airport, I knew that the police were after me because they must of got DNA readings off my victims. So Ive got a plane ticket to Japan I just hope Ill get through customs.

Essay on Morality Research of Moral Pluralism Based on 3 Principles

Essay on Morality Research of Moral Pluralism Based on 3 Principles The greatest gift of human rationality is morality. The establishment of morality is based on the recognition that every human has a general set of basic needs to lead a life free of physical and psychological suffering. In Moral Relativism, Moral Diversity and Human Rights, James Kellenberger addresses different sorts of theories of morality, such as moral absolutism, moral pluralism, and moral relativism. Before I take any position on the issues raised by the differences between these various approaches, I need to offer a definition of morality. Morality, in the context of these different kinds of theories, can be defined only descriptively in relation to its purpose and to its function. Metaphysical questions such as Is morality an absolute truth? (which are not in the scope of this essay) are in fact, beyond comprehension by mere reasoning and argumentation. People can only try to provide different answers based on their own assumptions, faiths, experiences and intuitions. Thus, morality, in the most practical sense, is a tool or way of life used to promote the common good of human beings and eliminate harmful actions that bring negative consequences in life, goals based on the principle of reciprocity and empathy, and a set of universally recognized human needs and capabilities. In line with such grounding, I find that among different types of moral theories, moral pluralism can best serve the universal needs and well being of human kind. Pluralism recognizes that there is a plurality of moral points of view, and affirms that, among many moral points of view, no one is clearly superior to another. Yet, it insists on a certain set of context-independent values and an objectivity in judging value conflicts that is not determined by groups conventions or individual attitudes. However, the pluralistic nature of this theory and the fact that no complete objectivity is possible could be sources of its fallacies when it is put into practice. No one can be completely objective in their judgments because every human being possesses different perceptions and principles of life that contribute to personal bias. Thus, to avoid these possible sources of error, moral pluralism needs to be governed by three principles: 1) an unambiguous categorization of moral values, 2) the establishment of a minimalist common ground, and 3) a flexibility with regard to the prioritization of moral values. A clear and unambiguous categorization of values that are strictly moral in nature is essential as the founding basis of moral pluralism. Moral values should be strictly distinguished from other categories of values such as cultural norms or community values. Moral values, in their essence, should be geared only towards the goal of fulfilling universal needs of well being that are not governed by cultural practices or norms. For example, the prohibition against arbitrary killing can safely be categorized as a moral value. However, values such as that women are supposed to wear dresses can only be categorized as cultural norms. Even socio-political values like unity and collectivity are only conventional and cannot be strictly termed as moral values. The lack of strict categorization of moral values, I believe, is one of the biggest problems to be resolved even before the debates between different moral theories can continue. One common flaw among several forms of moral relativism is the failure to draw such clear distinctions between different categories of values. For instance, conventionalist relativism claims that secondary values are considered as relative and are dependent on conventions or social norms. In this context, secondary values are no longer strictly moral, but adulterated by other categories of values which are non-moral. Similarly, perspectivist relativism proposes that primary values have associated benefits and harms' that may be physiological (e.g., food and nature), psychological (e.g., love and humiliation), and social (e.g., respect and exploitation). It is easy to see that there are very blurry lines between physiological needs, social values, and moral values. In Problems of Moral Philosophy, Ralph Barton Perry addresses the phenomenon of arbitrary categorization of values by pointing out a distinction between the question: What does value mean? and the question: What things have value? Analogously, the statement that peace is a condition in which societies abstain from the use of violence in settling their disputes is different from the statement that the world is (or is not) now at peace. Too often, because of such an ambiguity in distinguishing the nuances between definitions, cultural beliefs and physical needs are arbitrarily lumped into subcategories of moral values. Equivocal overlapping of cultural values, community values, and moral values only jeopardizes the applicability of moral pluralism. Such a failure encourages abuse of the theory to justify actions for pure individual interests or social conventions. For example, in Jordan, women are tortured in the name of committing immoral acts when they are found to be talking to male strangers, even though the action of talking to male stranger could be intrinsically non-moral. Thus, it is important to draw a clear boundary between pluralistic moral values and other categories of values, such as cultural pluralism or religious pluralism. The establishment of a minimalist common ground is another important principle in the application of moral pluralism. A minimalist common ground requires that ethics be reduced to its most basic elements, those that are required for every human to behave ethically. Such a methodology is crucial especially in response to a pluralist society today. Before I further reinforce my claim, it is important to recognize a limit of the theory of minimalist ethics. One of the possible fallacies of minimalist ethics is that it implies that an action is ethical as long as it does not hurt anybody. The simplistic and consequentialist nature of this school of ethics provides loopholes for actions done for pure self-interest that indirectly bring negative consequences for others. Thus, the minimalist approach should only be interpreted as a methodology, not as a moral guidance. It is imperative that the minimalist ground should not be manipulated as the sole justification for all kinds of actions. How should a minimalist common ground be established to reinforce the applicability of moral pluralism? We should recognize that no single individual or group has precisely the same perception of truth and reality due to the differences in religious faith, personal experience and other factors. Just as cognitive relativism embraces moral relativism, cognitive diversity promotes different applications of moral values. In moral pluralism, the stress on certain context-independent values requires a certain level of cognitive agreement. To achieve such an agreement, it is pertinent to use a minimalist approach to establish a limit to the scope of acceptable moral grounds among diverse cultures. Such a limit signifies the line between ungrounded perspective (such as superstitions) and rational logic that is based on empirical examination and truths. The truths that are derived empirically, when combined with rationality and universally recognized moral values, form a solid minimalist grou ndwork. William James, a modern advocate of pragmatism, synthesizes the best elements of Empiricism and Idealism. He opposes the prevailing notion of his academic colleagues that only scientific methods can lead to an understanding of the human condition, yet, criticizes any extreme reliance on logic as the sole basis of philosophical truth. In line with his philosophy, the powerful combination of empirical truth and philosophical logic excludes ungrounded practices that are against common humanity. For example, in Southern Sudan, the practice of sacrificing the spear master by the Dinkas became completely unjustified when the tribe survived after the practice was outlawed. Thus, cognitive or cultural perceptions, which deviate from the examined truth and accepted rationality, should be excluded from the common ground. Apart from that, to ensure moral progress, the common ground requires that context-independent values not only supercede cultural practices, but also serve to reform the culture itself. Such a purpose should not be misunderstood as a form of ethnocentrism, which is the point of view that ones own way of life is to be preferred to all others. As John Kekes explains, for pluralism, moral progress occurs with a closer approximation of valued possibilities not just for one particular point of view but for humanity as a whole. Thus, in conclusion, moral pluralism needs a realistic common ground that is based on human beings basic needs, rationality and empirically examined truth. A flexibility with regard to the prioritization of moral values is another principle that should be emphasized to ensure that the goal of the common good be achieved. In Morality, Diversity and Human Rights, Kellenberger explains, For monismtheres only one and only one true ranking. For pluralism, there is a plurality of reasonable rankings in the light of different equally reasonable conceptions of good life. Thus, values that are prioritized in moral pluralism should be distinguished from the pre-established overriding values in moral absolutism or moral monism. The central claim of moral pluralism that there is not a single moral value that is superior to others, should not be seem as justifying the claim that there is no possibility of assigning priority among different moral values according to different contexts. The prioritization of moral values requires an ability to perceive the greatest good and act wisely. Admittedly, such an approach tends to borrow a shade of pragmatism the doctrine that a statement is true and meaningful according to the practical results that would be experienced if that statement were acted upon. However, it is important to recognize that such a flexibility should not be equalized with the extreme form of pragmatism, which normally involves an attempt to wipe out the distinction between different kinds of truths. For a pragmatist, an action is not true because it corresponds to reality; therefore, there is no need to worry what sort of reality that makes that action the right one to perform. Moral pluralism has its metaphysical forms and does not deny the distinction between objective reality and ultimate reality. A flexibility in prioritizing moral values is an antidote of the Kantian principle of the absolute moral law or the assumption of an absolute moral law. The French  utilitarian Benjamin Constant asks Kant to consider whether, in Kants mind, it would not be right to lie to a murderer who asks whether ones friend, who he means to kill, is hiding in ones house. Kant sticks with his opinion and responds that To be truthful (honest) in all declarations, therefore, is a sacred and absolutely commanding decree of reason, limited by no expediency,16 including human life. Such an over-rigid adherence to a single moral  value. Truthfulness defeats the whole purpose of  morality to promote good and eliminate evil. In Absolutism and Its Consequentialist Critics, Joram Graf Haber holds the position that one should be truthful to the murderer under whatsoever circumstances. He argues: If by telling a lie you have prevented murder, you have made yourself legally responsible for all the conseq uences; but if you have held vigorously to the truth, public justice can lay no hand on you, whatever the unforeseen circumstances may be. To me, it is not reasonable to cause an atrocity simply to avoid public responsibility. In fact, to achieve the greater good, it is justified that an individual ould prioritize his or her responsibilities to prevent inhumane acts and protect the good (innocence), with due consideration of the risks and possible consequences. It is important to make a clear distinction between the concept of the greater good, as employed in this theory of ethics, and that of the same term in utilitarianism. In utilitarianism, no actions are intrinsically right or wrong as long as the goal of an action is to achieve the greatest happiness. John Stuart Mill, in Utilitarianism, says, The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. In the concept of prioritizing moral values, one important basis is preserving the goodness and eliminating the evil. Happiness or pleasure is not the sole and ultimate motivation of action. In conclusion, moral pluralism stands out among all types of moral theories presented by Kellenberger. Understanding Kants concept that we will never be able to see the noumena but can only base our principles upon phenomena, I refuse to embrace moral absolutism. This theory leaves the question of what absolute moral command is founded on open and unanswered. Yet, the nature of moral relativism as over-tolerating (all perspectives are equally valid), makes it unrealistic and dysfunctional in reaching the goal of the common good of human kind. This theory denies the fact that judgements are crucial in ensuring social order and harmony. Among all categorizations of moral theories, only moral pluralisms reasonable balance of objectivity, diversity and universality ensures its survival in different cultural, social and spiritual contexts. However, there are still some possible sources of error when moral pluralism is applied in daily life, such as the impossibility of claiming total obje ctivity and the lack of a clear categorization of values that are intrinsically moral. Thus, the three principles proposed above, namely, the unambiguous categorization of moral values, the establishment of a minimalist common ground, and a flexibility with regard to the prioritizing of moral values, must be understood and integrated, to increase the applicability and universality of moral pluralism.